An introductory course in Biology in which plants and animals are used to illustrate basic biological principles. The course will examine the relationships among living organisms, including man, and their environment. It is designed to increase student awareness and appreciation of organisms in nature as well as the natural history of selected plants and animals.

The Intro to Biological Science laboratory includes the identification of common organisms living in West Michigan during field trips.?Course fee applied.

An introduction to the academic practices and vocational pathways of the biological sciences. The course emphasizes scientific writing, evaluation of scientific claims, research design, and effective communication, while exploring ethical, social, and faith-informed perspectives on biological research and careers.

This course teaches the statistical methods and principles of biostatistics. Students will learn to use the statistical program R to understand, interpret, and analyze data used in the biological sciences.

This lecture course introduces biology majors to the molecular and cellular foundations of life. Topics include biomolecules, cell structure and function, metabolism, photosynthesis and respiration, cell division, inheritance, embryogenesis, gene expression, signal transduction and basic genetic technologies. Emphasis is placed on core biological concepts and scientific reasoning. The course integrates a Christian worldview by examining the order and complexity of cellular systems as reflections of God's design and by encouraging ethical consideration of genetic research and scientific responsibility.

This course examines the diversity of life with an emphasis on plant and animal taxonomy, ecological relationships, population biology, community interactions, and ecosystem processes. Students explore patterns of biological diversity and the principles governing organismal and ecological relationships. The lecture integrates a Christian worldview by emphasizing creation care, biodiversity stewardship, and ethical responsibility in understanding and managing God's creation.

The laboratory course provides hands-on investigation of cellular and genetic principles introduced in lecture. Students conduct experiments involving biomolecules, enzymes, membranes, metabolism, cell division, and inheritance using modern laboratory techniques. Emphasis is placed on experimental design, data collection, analysis, and scientific communication. The laboratory reinforces a Christian worldview through ethical research practices, care for living systems, and responsible stewardship of scientific inquiry.

The laboratory component emphasizes hands-on investigation of biological diversity and ecological systems through field experiences and experimental study. Students engage in organism identification, taxonomic analysis, ecological sampling, and data-driven experimentation in both natural and controlled environments. Fieldwork and laboratory exercises develop skills in observation, hypothesis testing, data analysis, and scientific communication while reinforcing a Christian commitment to stewardship, responsible research practices, and care for the natural world.

This course includes examination of the structure and function of the human body with special emphasis on disease process as it relates to dysfunction along with practical applications for a lifestyle of healthful living. Emphasis is placed upon cell biology, tissues and various systems of the body including integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine and reproductive systems.

Laboratory experiences focusing on practical application of principles of human biology. Course fee applied.

This course will provide students with an introduction to the microbial world. The lectures cover topics including microbial growth and metabolism, microbial diversity, ecology, and a survey of common diseases and control mechanisms.

Laboratory sessions introduce proper culture and identification, microscopy, aseptic transfer, and medical tests involving microorganism. Course fee applied.

Studies basic plant science, including the structure, reproduction, and ecological relationships among plants.

Field studies and laboratory experiences based on the structure, reproduction and ecological relationships among plants. Course fee applied.

Introduction to the basic principles of zoology, including development, distinguishing characteristics and interactions of the major animal kinds, with special emphasis on the invertebrates.

Field and Laboratory studies based on the principles of zoology, major animal kinds and field techniques. Course fee applied.

A systems approach to the structure and function of the human body with special emphasis on disease process as it relates to dysfunction along with practical applications for a life-style of healthful living. Includes integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems.

A systems approach to the structure and function of the human body with special emphasis on disease process as it relates to dysfunction, along with practical applications for a life-style of healthful living. Includes cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, lymphatic, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Laboratory experiences will use microscopic and lab animal investigation. Stresses the homeostatic function and intricacy of the body and its analogies to the Body of Christ, the Church. Course fee applied.

Laboratory experiences will use microscopic and lab animal investigation. Stresses the homeostatic function and intricacy of the body and its analogies to the Body of Christ, the Church. Course fee applied.

Study of bird anatomy, behavior, life cycles, migration, distribution, and economic relations. Field work is concerned with identification by sight and song and observing the habitat requirements of each species. Lecture and lab. This course satisfies the core requirement for Lab Science. Course fee applied.

This course is designed to study foods and their effects upon health, development, and performance of the human body. Students will develop an understanding of healthful and performance nutrition as it relates to optimal health and physical performance. Also, students will study energy pathways in the body and the six basic nutrients related to performance. Additionally, students will investigate body composition and weight control.

The Pathophysiology course is designed to promote the understanding and application of fundamental concepts of disease processes. General concepts of disease (e.g. cell injury, inflammation, necrosis, wound healing, immune response, infectious disease, and neoplasia) are discussed. These concepts are then applied in a systems-oriented approach, including the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the various disease processes.

A study of classical Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, genomes and developmental genetics, as well as the current molecular basis of gene expression.

Lab investigations include inherited traits studied with fruit flies and corn. Lab experience includes modern techniques in molecular genetic analysis, PCR, gel electrophoresis, transformation and cloning. Course fee applied.

A survey study of the structure and function of micro-organisms, with an emphasis on bacteria.

Laboratory for Microbiology focusing on basic techniques in the isolation, identification and culture of micro-organisms. Course fee applied.

This course is a senior capstone course for Biology and Pre-Professional Majors, and investigates the ethical and theological issues confronting one choosing a biology-related career. Emphasis will be placed upon constructing a personal, Christian philosophical framework. Students will address these concepts as they investigate and evaluate relevant biological issues.

Introduction to the characteristics of the seven classes of vertebrate animals, their structure and life history.

Laboratory and field experiences focused on the ecology, physiology and anatomy of vertebrates, with a special focus on field techniques. Course fee applied.

Examines the structure, function, differentiation and reproduction of cells at all levels of organization with special emphasis on current research in oncology, immunology, neurology and embryology.

Lab experience includes modern techniques in sterile tissue culture and cell growth as well as some computer graphics. Lecture and lab. Course fee applied.

This non-lab introductory chemistry course surveys general chemistry, basic organic chemistry nomenclature, functional groups and typical reactions, as well as introducing organic compounds of biological importance. Applications of the chemical concepts will focus on situations encountered by healthcare professionals - especially nurses. This course is required for all students in the Associate of Science - Health Services Program. It serves as an elective course for any other student.

Investigates properties of substances and the changes they can undergo. Special emphasis on laws of chemical combination, theories of atomic structure, periodic trends, kinetic theory, and chemical and physical equilibria as well as activities to communicate the centrality of chemistry to historical development, modern civilization, and life itself. Explores proper biblical stewardship in chemical manufacturing, disposal, and use.

An introductory chemistry lab focusing on the properties of inorganic compounds, solution preparation, stoichiometry and chemical reactions. Course fee applied.

Investigation of the composition and properties of substances and the changes they can undergo. Special emphasis on laws of chemical combination, theories of atomic structure, periodic trends, gas properties and thermodynamics, as well as activities to communicate the centrality of chemistry to historical development, modern civilization, and life itself. Explores proper biblical stewardship in chemical manufacturing, disposal, and use.

An introductory laboratory course that reinforces General Chemistry I through hands-on experiments. Students develop essential skills in measurement, data analysis, chemical safety, and scientific communication while exploring fundamental chemical principles. Course fee applied.

A continuation of CHM-124 with emphasis on reaction types and rates, electrochemistry, equilibria, group properties, nuclear chemistry and qualitative analysis. Addresses environmental concerns and safe handling and disposal of chemicals. Applications of chemical concepts to daily life are emphasized throughout the course.

A continuation of CHM-125 featuring experiments that deepen understanding of chemical reactions, thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibrium, and electrochemistry while strengthening quantitative analysis and laboratory technique. Course fee applied.

Study of the structure, properties, reactions, and interactions of the compounds of carbon and the molecules of life. Special emphasis upon the relationship of macromolecular structure and function to their components. Explores and utilizes chemical theory in the understanding of simple and complex molecular behavior.

Laboratory exercises concentrate on synthesis, identification and investigation of both natural and man-made products. Course fee applied.

This course develops laboratory principles, methods and techniques for synthesis and analysis of organic molecules. Course fee applied.

A study of carbon compounds including nomenclature, structures, bonding, reactions, mechanisms, and spectroscopic characterization.

A continuation of CHM-231 with special emphasis on polyfunctional compounds and molecules with biological significance. Natural product synthesis and polymer chemistry will also be addressed.

Continuation of Organic Chemistry Lab I. This course develops laboratory principles, methods and techniques for synthesis and analysis of organic molecules. Course fee applied.

Investigation in the history, philosophy, curricular structure, methodology, key ideas and concepts of chemistry. Emphasis will be given to the central role in technology and society as well as stewardship issues of production, utilization, and disposal.

Investigation of biologically important molecules including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, and the relationship of problems in these pathways to disease states are emphasized.

An experimental study of biochemical techniques used to analyze proteins, enzymes, and other biomolecules, emphasizing data analysis, experimental design, and interpretation of results in a laboratory setting. Course fee applied.

Formal class dependent upon student demand and interest of the professor.

An introduction to programming and computer science using the Python programming language. Topics include structured imperative program design, data types, control structures, strings, lists, dictionaries, computational problem solving, program implementation, testing and debugging.

A continuation of CSC-131. Further development of problem solving and programming skills using additional features of the Python programming language. Topics include exception handling, user defined classes, modules, data visualization and GUI and event driving programming. Introduction to software engineering practices for version management, coding conventions and automated testing.

An introduction to the analysis, design, and implementation of database management systems with an emphasis on the relational model. Topics include data modeling, entity-relationship models, normal forms, query languages, database security and integrity.

This course examines the fundamental concepts underlying the design, implementation, and use of programming languages. Topics include formal language definition, lexical analysis and parsing, translation and execution models, and the relationship between high-level languages and lower-level representations. Students study multiple programming paradigms, such as imperative, functional, and object-oriented approaches, and analyze how language design choices affect correctness, expressiveness, performance, and usability. The course also explores the historical development and evolution of programming languages. Several representative languages are examined to illustrate core concepts.

This course studies system-level programming with emphasis on how application programs interact with operating system services and underlying hardware resources. Topics include processes and process control, program execution and termination, files and input/output, inter-process communication, and basic concurrency mechanisms. Students examine the operating system interface as a set of abstractions and contracts and learn to reason about resource management, failure modes, and program behavior at the system boundary. The course emphasizes debugging, program correctness, and understanding the runtime behavior of programs executing in a multi-process environment. Through hands-on programming, students gain experience writing and analyzing programs that rely directly on operating system services.

A study of classical data structures and their implementations using the C++ programming language. Topics include abstract data types, contiguous vs linked structures, containers, dictionaries and trees. Introduction to time complexity analysis using Big O notation. Further development of advanced programming concepts including programmer-defined classes, recursion, indirection, dynamic memory allocation, iterators, polymorphism and templates.

This course examines the fundamental principles underlying the design and implementation of modern operating systems. Topics include processes and threads, concurrency and synchronization, CPU scheduling, deadlock, memory management and virtual memory, file systems, input/output systems, protection and security, and selected topics in distributed and client-server systems. Emphasis is placed on operating systems as layered abstractions that manage hardware resources and provide services to software, as well as on the design tradeoffs and policies that influence system behavior and performance. Programming assignments and case studies may be used to reinforce conceptual understanding.

This course studies client-side web development with emphasis on the browser as a programmable execution environment for interactive applications. Topics include structured document representation, visual presentation and layout, and executable client-side behavior. Students examine event-driven programming, asynchronous execution, and programmatic interaction with rendered documents. The course emphasizes the design and implementation of responsive, accessible user interfaces under usability, performance, and standards-based constraints. Through hands-on development, students learn to reason about user interaction, state management, and performance in client-side applications.

This course studies server-side web development with emphasis on the design and implementation of network-accessible application interfaces. Topics include request handling, routing, data validation, persistence, and error handling, as well as protocol-level communication and data representation. Students examine the structure and behavior of application programming interfaces, including interface design principles, status and error semantics, authentication mechanisms, and cross-origin interaction. The course emphasizes clean design, correctness, and reliability in backend services and introduces foundational considerations related to scalability and security. Students design and implement services that integrate with modern client-side applications.

A continuation of CSC-231 that includes more advanced data structures and an overview of classical algorithms and their applications. The course emphasizes computational problem solving techniques and includes time and space performance analysis and an introduction to computational complexity. Topics include sorting, searching, hashing, heaps, string proessing, as well as graph, geometric and mathematical algorithms. Algorithms are implemented primarily in C++ and Python.

A study of software engineering concepts, methodologies, and tools. Topics include: system analysis and design, requirements management, system lifecycle management, software project management, waterfall vs agile, software quality assurance, testing, maintenance, continuous integration and delivery, legal and ethical principles as they pertain to software engineering projects.

This course examines the principles and architecture of computer networks. Topics include layered network models, data transmission and encoding, error detection and correction, multiplexing, switching, and routing, as well as the design and operation of key Internet protocols. Students study how data is transmitted across local and wide area networks and how network abstractions support reliable, scalable communication between distributed systems. Emphasis is placed on protocol design, performance considerations, and the interaction between networking and operating systems.

This course provides students with the opportunity for practical work experience in a supervised setting. The experience must include the application of concepts and skills the student has learned in the Computer Science program.

This course is the capstone design experience for computer science majors. Students integrate and apply the knowledge, skills, and experience that they have gained throughout the program to complete a significant computing project. Students consider the legal and ethical principles that pertain to computing systems as well as their impacts on society.

This course introduces students to the theory and application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the fundamentals of spatial data management. Students gain practical experience using ArcGIS software for mapping, modelling, and spatial analysis. Prerequisite: BIO-151 or BIO-233.

An exploration of the role of natural resource agencies in developing, sustaining and protecting natural resources. Emphasis is placed on the history of natural resource management in Michigan, management philosophies, politics that impact natural resources, species and ecology management, sustainability and carrying capacity.

Studies how ecological principles, philosophy, economics, sociology and politics interact with identifying and solving environmental issues. Topics include: air quality, water quantity and quality, population dynamics, energy sources, types of waste, sustainability, environmental policy and legislation, and pertinent government agencies.

Field and laboratory experiences related to lecture topics in sustainability, waste management, energy production, water quality and environmental policy and legislation. Course fee applied.

Systems-level perspective on land forms and ecosystems. Includes analysis and interpretation of on-site data recorded in the field, remote-sensing data derived from satellite and low-altitude aerial imagery and geographic information systems (GIS). Field trips to and analysis of forests, bogs, marshes, dunes, and rivers. Includes application to policy and land use planning.

Field study of lakes and streams with applications to planning and management. Includes an introduction to limnology and investigation of representative lakes and streams of the region.

Environmental analysis and natural resources in relation to people and policy. The focus is on ethnobotany, ecological agriculture, and land stewardship. It employs a discussion format both in classroom and field settings. Its emphasis is grappling with difficult practical and ethical problems and issues that require deep and persistent thought.

Global Development and Ecological Stewardship: Environmental analysis and natural resources in relation to society and development issues. The focus is on ecological sustainability and sustainable society in the context of the various factors that are bringing environmental degradation and impoverishment of people and cultures. It deals with topics of tropical agriculture, hunger, poverty, international debt, appropriate technology, relief programs, missionary earthkeeping, conservation of wild nature, land tenure, and land stewardship. It employs a discussion format both in classroom and field settings. Its emphasis is grappling with difficult practical and ethical problems and issues that require deep and persistent thought.

Study a wide variety of current food production systems through visits with practicing farmers. Evaluate agrosystems in terms of soil quality, energy flow and nutrient cycling, pesticide fate, functional plant, animal, and genetic biodiversity, water use efficiency, energy flow, and population ecology. Learn to recognize, design, and implement sustainable agrosystems. Engage current social and economic food production systems and norms in the context of Christian faith, to steward the natural resources God has entrusted with us more effectively, improving both global environmental health and food security.

Study of the interconnection between the health of people, animals, and their shared environment. This course includes topics such as toxicology, epidemiology, community health, radiation, and environmental justice. These topics are applied at the local, regional, and global scale.

Analysis of the policy-making process at a local, national, and international scales with examination of environmental policy challenges, including climate change, resource management, and energy development. Students will interact with regional policy-making and land managers in the field to consider linkages between policy and science and ways for science to inform the policy-making process. Environmental ethics, environmental justice, and environmental advocacy will also be considered.

Field identification and ecology of vascular plants as components of natural communities in Michigan. Emphasis is placed upon on-site examination of plants in communities such as bog, dune, forest, marsh, meadow, and swamp. Plants difficult to study under field conditions are brought to the laboratory for microscopic examination and identification. Ecological features such as community stratification and plant zonation along ecological gradients are examined.

Study of the treatment and involvement of all people in the development and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. This course discusses historical, contemporary, and emerging threats to the environment.

Marine Biology focuses on intertidal life and marine ecology in oceanic and geophysical contexts. Students study the biology of marine plants and animals in the field, specifically trophic dynamic relationships of eel grass communities and the intertidal zone, workings of the island systems of Puget Sound, ecological roles of sea birds and fishes, population and community structure dynamics, exploitation and oceanic microbialization and biogeochemical processes and their linkages with the biosphere. Marine stewardship and effects of human activity on the marine environment are integral to the course.

Interrelationships between animals and their biotic and physical environments emphasizing behavioral aspects. A field course that centers on the ecology of northern Michigan fauna from a stewardship perspective. Included are individual student projects.

Ecology, identification, systematics, culture and care of aquatic plants and animals, and adaptations to freshwater environments. Aquatic life is studied in lakes, ponds, bogs, marshes, streams, and in the laboratory. The course assesses human impact on aquatic species and ecosystems, presents procedures for the stewardship of aquatic habitats, and introduces aquatic restoration ecology. Prerequisites: One year of general biology or one semester each of general zoology and general botany.

Introduction to the relation of freshwater fish species and their environments in lakes and streams with concurrent examination of techniques and technologies employed to manage populations and species for conservation, recreational use, and commercial harvest. This course will provide understanding of freshwater fish taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships, habitat requirements of major fish species by life stages, stream habitat assessment, population measuring and monitoring, and strategies for management of recreational and commercial species and conservation of threatened and endangered species.

An introduction to the theory and application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for applied social and ecological problem-solving. Through a series of readings, videos, and hands-on exercises covering a variety of environmental themes, issues, and scales, participants will learn the fundamentals of the types of maps, map projections, symbology, classification, analysis, and web mapping applications, and gain skills and confidence to be able to conduct their own field studies, do spatial analysis, and create their own maps and visualizations.

Principles and analysis of chemical movement and distribution both natural and human-induced in natural environments. Sampling and analytical methods are included for water, soil, and air. Work is conducted both on site in natural habitats and the laboratory.

First two weeks: Instruction and experience in the use of the tools of the field biologist, trips to different types of ecosystems: forest, field, stream, pond, lake, marsh, and bog. Final week: Travel experience covering points of interest in the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula of Michigan, or the student may elect to work on a field problem in the Grand Rapids area. Course fee applied.

An introduction to tropical agriculture for working with resource-poor farmers. Topics include the scientific basis behind successful low cost techniques, a survey of major tropical crops and their requirements, and on-site practical work. Selected issues in Christian missions and in community development, and some urban gardening and small animal techniques are also covered. Taught in a rural, mountainous village in Costa Rica in collaboration with a Christian organization aiding redevelopment after an earthquake, with several trips to different ecosystem regions of Costa Rica.

The study of the interrelationships of living organisms, plant or animal, and their environments. These are studied with a view of discovering the principles that govern relationships. A special emphasis on the different ecosystems of Michigan bogs, marshes, streams, and sand dunes, and man's impact on them, will be studied.

Ecology, conservation and stewardship of wildlife species and their habitats. Includes growth and structure of natural and managed populations, environmental and human social factors affecting wildlife communities and wildlife conservation. The course is set in the context of the historical development of the field from management, to ecology, and to the land ethic of Leopold. Includes management and stewardship of non-game and endangered species, and long-term prospects of wildlife in changing environmental, climatic and social contexts.

Field and laboratory exercises in ecology and conservation management tools. Special emphasis will be given to developing skills in ecological sampling protocols, tools and statistical analysis of data. Course fee applied.

Systems-level perspective on land forms and ecosystems. Includes analysis and interpretation of on-site data recorded in the field, remote-sensing data derived from satellite and low-altitude aerial imagery and geographic information systems (GIS). Field trips to and analysis of forests, bogs, marshes, dunes, and rivers. Includes application to policy and land use planning. Prerequisite: One year of introductory science.

Principles of watershed ecology. Includes principles and practice of community-based water monitoring and watershed management for developing and developed countries and data access and analysis using an online relational database and data-to-action strategies. Designed for students in science and public policy, including students interested in missions and development and agencies involved in environmental assessment and community development. Prerequisite: One year of general biology.

A comprehensive overview of wetland ecosystem processes, values, legislation and quantification. Students will learn to evaluate and quantify soils, hydrologic status and vegetation in a variety of wetland ecosystems including bogs, emergent marshes, forested wetlands and wetlands converted for agriculture, and to apply standard tools developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality to assess wetland extent and habitat quality.

Biology, behavior, ecology, identification and conservation of the marine mammals of the Pacific Rim. This study area covers some major habitats in Puget Sound and the Salish Sea, with attention to the diving physiology, social behavior, and communications of whales and seals. The course aims to develop a stewardship perspective rooted in biological principles and directed at the global conservation of marine mammals and their ecosystems. Special attention is given to their use by cultures of the region in order to understand current issues.

A field class introducing recent advances in molecular biology techniques, computation and storage for applied ecological work. The ability to utilize these techniques is becoming more and more important to scientists for addressing fundamental questions in biology. This course will expose you to a broad range of techniques and concepts in molecular biology and phylogenetics. Emphasis is placed on the strengths and limitations of each method and its application to a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. It will provide a foundation for molecular applications to issues of environmental stewardship. Prerequisites: Two years of biology, one year of chemistry.

Springtime plants and animals, their field identification, field biology, behavior and landscape context with a focus on spring flora, amphibia, and birds.

Introduction to the theory and application of spatial analysis for environmental conservation and planning using geographic information systems (GIS) technology in the context of real world conservation problems.

Life history, behavior, and ecology of terrestrial and aquatic insects, and their roles in pollination, herbivory, predation, agroecosystems, disease and vector epidemiology, invasion ecology, soil ecology, biodiversity, and freshwater ecology. Practical applications include study of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches to reduce negative impacts of pest species in agricultural, subcultural, and medical settings while preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functionality.

Tropical ecology of South India, including an introduction to and comparative analysis of coastal ecosystems, the plains, and montane tropical ecosystems of the Western Ghats including altitudinal zonation. The course will be taught on-site at a variety of ecosystem preserves and national parks. If suitable arrangements can be made, a number of ecosystems will be studied on the Andaman Islands. Topics include tropical ecosystem structure and function, adaptations of flora and fauna, biodiversity surveys, past and present human interactions with the landscape, and autecology of selected plant and animal species. Prerequisites: Upper division standing and at least one ecology course (preferably completed at AuSable).

This course will focus on how plants interact with the abiotic environment and with other organisms. Field trips will provide opportunity to examine various physiological adaptations and population and community processes; and to introduce research approaches in different contexts. Quantitative skills including data collection, management, and basic analysis will be emphasized.

Introduction to site-level, landscape and multi- stakeholder approaches to forest management, including strateies of climate change adaptation and mitigation. Theory, application, and techniques of forest management for specified values and objectives including instrumental (economic/utilitarian and life support such as wood production, habitat and watershed protection and climate moderation) and non-instrumental values (such as aesthetic, moral/spiritual values e.g. recreation). The course will address the evolution of forest management practice and some specific practices, methods and techniques of growing trees and the development and care of forests (silviculture) as applied to natural forests managed for various objectives.

This intensive field-based course provides students with practical skills essential for careers in natural resource management, conservation, and ecological research. Students will gain hands-on experience in chainsaw safety training, herbicide application for invasive species management, prescribed fire techniques, wilderness first aid, and techniques for collecting and preparing voucher specimens for plants, mammals, birds, insects, and fish. Field survey techniques will also be covered, providing students with essential data collection and analysis skills for ecological research and resource management.

Field or laboratory study of a problem selected by the student in consultation with a professor, and presented as a written proposal in advance of the session in which the study is to be conducted. Normally, problems are outgrowths of previous coursework with a given professor at Au Sable. Prerequisite: A study proposal including goals and objectives, methods, protocols for evaluation; to be signed by the professor and program director.

This course equips students with professional competencies in environmental and outdoor education, combining training in environmental education methods (aligned with NAAEE's six core thematic areas) with practical outdoor recreation and leadership skills. Students will design, deliver, and evaluate inclusive educational programs while also pursuing training in outdoor instruction and safety. Activities include lesson planning, audience engagement, program evaluation, and group leadership, complemented by hands-on modules in canoeing, rock climbing, excursion planning, and wilderness safety. The course culminates in a professional teaching portfolio and field-based practicum, preparing students for entry-level employment in outdoor and environmental education.

This course investigates the pressing local and global environmental issues and the interdisciplinary strategies necessary to address these issues. Emphasis will be placed upon investigating environmental issues through the Christian environmental stewardship framework.

A field-oriented course in the study of the relationships of the fauna and flora of special segment of the biosphere such as Northern Ireland, Yellowstone National Park, the Florida peninsula and other locations in the USA and abroad. Students spend most of the time on location experiencing the ecology of the area. Course fee applied. Instructor permission required.

The laboratory field-oriented experience taken in conjunction with or after ECO-442. This course is designed to immerse students in a field-oriented experience focusing on the natural history, environmental issues and culture of the region or country studied in ECO-442. Instructor permission required.

Principles of conservation biology with applications to sustainable human society and biospheric integrity. An integrative approach to biology and society that interrelates population biology, ecological principles, biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem functions, and human society in the context of biospheric degradation. The course develops a stewardship perspective rooted in biological principles and directed at conservation of plant and animal species, biotic communities, ecosystems, and human society. Included are topics of human development, poverty, and economic growth.

Ecology of the mountains of the Pacific Northwest, with particular attention to adaptation of plant and animal life to montane climates and altitudes, and analysis and interpretation of altitudinal zonation of biotic communities with applications to latitudinal biogeography. Also included are topics of physiological responses of organisms to reduced oxygen levels, low temperatures and high altitude radiation regimes. Field work includes on-site studies in the Olympic Mountains of the Olympic Peninsula.

Ecological foundations and techniques for ecosystem and biotic community restoration. This course applies ecological principles and environmental ethics to redeeming and restoring degraded and damaged ecosystems and endangered species. Field studies include analysis of restoration and rehabilitation work with the Kirtland Warbler, an officially designated wild river, coastal dunes, kettlehole bogs, old growth forest, deforested lands, degraded residential and farming sites, and abandoned oil wells. A practical field laboratory is included in which techniques are applied to a specific site.

An introduction to the different engineering fields and the industries that these fields support. Study techniques for students to be successful in the engineering program will be presented. Students will have the opportunity to work in groups, identify problems, brainstorm ideas, prototype solutions, and communicate their results. (lecture only)

This course introduces students to the principles of drafting used by engineers through a hands-on learning environment. Topics of instruction include drawing interpretation, visualization (including pictorials and orthographic drawings), geometric construction, sectioning, working drawings, and mechanical drawings (including but not limited to sectioning and working drawings). (lab only)

An introduction to programming using the C++ programming language. Topics include structured imperative program design, data types, control structures, strings, lists, program implementation, testing and debugging.

This course is to introduce computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) theory and applications. The course topics include CAD/CAM systems, geometric modeling, tool path generation, integration of CAD/CAM with the production machine, NC machining, and additive manufacturing. (lecture and discussion)

A cornerstone course in the principles and practice of multi-disciplinary engineering analysis and design. Students will work as part of a team to design and construct a working physical prototype of an electro-mechanical system. Students will learn to communicate their design ideas effectively. Lab fee applied.

Lecture only. Forces and momentum, equilibrium, Free Body Diagrams. Introduction of machine elements: gears, belts, chains, shafts. Stress/strain: normal and shear stresses due to bending and torsion. Design and analysis of welds, fasteners: bolts and rivets in engineering structures. Principles of mechanical design: synthesis and selection methods of basic off-the-shelf machine components.

Topics include Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, node voltage and mesh current analysis, Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems, superposition, basic operation of diodes, transistors, operational amplifiers and transformers, capacitance, inductance, and time-domain analysis of first order circuits.

Laboratory activities associated with linear circuit analysis. Including the use of power supplies, multimeters, function generators, oscilloscopes, and electronic circuit CAD/CAM software packages. Lab fee applied.

Measurement and data analysis lab that complements MAT-251. This course uses hands-on engineering tests and experiments to build understanding of applied statistical analysis. The use of various measurement and data-acquisition tools and data analysis techniques are introduced. Technical writing in the form of lab reports is introduced and emphasized. Lab fee applied.

An introduction to the analysis and design of digital systems. Topics include boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic circuits, models of hardware and software at various levels of abstraction, computer organization and architecture, machine language, and microcontroller architecture, programming, and interfaces.

Laboratory activities to design, build, and test various digital systems. Projects include combinational and sequential logic circuits, finite state machines, programming of microcontrollers, and microcontroller interfaces. Lab fee applied.

This course introduces economic principles and analytical methods used in engineering decision-making. Topics include time value of money, interest and equivalence, present worth and annual worth analysis, rate of return, benefit-cost analysis, depreciation, taxes, inflation, and risk and uncertainty. Students learn to evaluate and compare engineering alternatives based on economic feasibility and to make informed decisions involving capital investments, cost estimation, and financial trade-offs in engineering projects.

This course provides a deep dive into the integration of electrical and mechanical systems. Students will explore how electricity is converted into mechanical motion and vice versa. The curriculum covers the principles of operation, application, maintenance, and troubleshooting of industrial equipment, including motors, electromechanical / electrohydraulic actuators, and sensors.

An introduction to the field of Materials Engineering will begin with an investigation of the contributions of atomic and crystalline structures on the physical properties of materials. A thorough review of metals, polymers, ceramics and composites will then be conducted. Key concepts will be explored and highlighted through a series of weekly lab exercises. The successful completion of this course shall provide Engineers with the necessary understanding of materials to select the most appropriate material for specific design applications. The final area of study shall assess the economic and environmental impacts of material selection in a complex world.

The laboratory sessions will acquaint students with modern experimental techniques and devices used in: (i) the characterization of the microstructures and properties of engineering materials, and (ii) laboratory simulation of industrial manufacturing processes. Application of the scientific method and technical report writing will be emphasized. Lab fee applied.

Topics include shear and bending stresses in beams, beam deflections, statically indeterminate beams, planar combined loading, triaxial stress and strain transformations, static failure theories, fatigue failure theories, surface failures, belt and chain drives, clutches and brakes, finite element analysis for planar loading, and introduction to strain gauges and rosettes.

Introduction to finite element analysis for planar loading, strain gauges and rosettes, and experimental determination of state of stress in a body. Lab fee applied.

Study of motion and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration for particles and rigid bodies. Work-energy and impulse-momentum concepts.

This course will examine the tactics and strategies needed to successfully complete engineering projects. Students will exercise their project management skills while engaging in a semester-long product development scenario utilizing the engineering design process. Design topics will include: gathering customer requirements, establishing specifications, generating alternative concepts, estimating feasibility, concept selection, embodiment design, design refinement, prototyping, testing and service model definition.

An introduction to mathematical modeling of mechanical, thermal, fluid, and electrical systems. Topics include equation formulation, Laplace transform methods, transfer functions, system response and stability, Fourier methods, frequency response, feedback control, control actions, block diagrams, state variable formulation, and computer simulation. Emphasis on mechanical systems.

Study of mechanical vibration of structures and engineering components. Free and forced vibration of single, two, and multi-degree of freedom systems. Modal analysis and mode summation. Elements of analytical dynamics. Approximate numerical methods. Random vibration. Vibration measurement, isolation, and control.

Lecture only. Basic concepts of thermodynamics and an introduction to heat transfer. Properties of pure substances, equation of state, work, heat, first and second laws of thermodynamics, closed systems and control volume analysis, irreversibility and availability, refrigeration and power cycles, thermodynamic relations, introduction to conduction, convection, radiation, heat transfer, and heat exchange design.

This course provides students with a foundation in fluids, specifically, fluid statics, control volume analysis, continuity, momentum, energy, Bernoulli equation, dimensional analysis and similitude, laminar and turbulent flows, boundary layers, differential analysis, external flow, lift and drag, internal flow, pump selection, introduction to turbomachinery, and open channel flow.

The fundamentals of manufacturing processes and the machinery of production. The forming of metals, plastics, ceramics, and composites with an emphasis on the economics of engineering designs and designs that can be practically manufactured. Computer aided manufacturing and quality control processes.

The laboratory experiments and exercises will involve careful investigation of the effects of the interactions between design, processing conditions, and materials on the quality and performance of fabricated products. Application of the scientific method in investigations, the principles of design of experiments (DOE), and statistics are reinforced. Lab fee applied.

This course provides an opportunity to work in a supervised engineering setting. The experience must include opportunities to apply the theories and concepts learned in the discipline of engineering.

The study of mechanical design. Topics include design of screws, clutches, brakes, belts, gears, journal bearings, roller bearings, and planetary gear trains.

An analysis of the impact of human development (industrial, commercial and residential) on air, land, and water resources. Special emphasis is placed on environmental engineering practices related to environmental laws and regulations. Additional topics include the development of environmental engineering plans and designs. Lab fees applied.

An introduction to analytic and simulation models, as well as their application to current production strategies, particularly lean manufacturing. Emphasis on workstations, inventories, flow lines, Kanban and CONWIP, and cellular manufacturing. Computer- based solution techniques, case studies, and case problems are employed.

This course provides students with an in-depth study of heat transfer. The mechanisms by which heat is transferred in different media: conduction, convection, and radiation. One - and two-dimensional steady state conduction, transient conduction, finite differences, methods in conduction, forced and free convections, heat exchangers, radiation processing and properties, radiation exchange between surfaces.

An independent investigation of theoretical or experimental design problems in engineering. The nature and scope of the project are determined by the student in consultation with the instructor and depend upon the facilities available. Normally this project is carried out during the entire senior year, with one-hour of credit during the first semester and two hours of credit during the second semester. A written technical report is required. All seniors meet together each week to discuss their projects with each other and their supervisor. Laboratory. Lab fee applied.

Continuation of student's work in EGR 485. Both an oral report and a final written technical report are required. Lab fee applied.

This course focuses on whole person wellness in the context of Biblical principles. Emotional, mental, intellectual, physical, social, and spiritual wellness areas are addressed. Students are taught and encouraged to transition from the mindset of high school attitudes and habits to a collegiate level of thinking and decision making with regards to nutrition, personal wellness, social attitudes and actions as responsibilities of Biblical stewardship.

This course focuses on whole person wellness in the context of Biblical principles. Emotional, mental, intellectual, physical, social, and spiritual wellness areas are addressed. Students are taught and encouraged to transition from the mindset of high school attitudes and habits to a collegiate level of thinking and decision making with regards to nutrition, personal wellness, social attitudes, and actions as responsibilities of Biblical stewardship. In addition, students will engage, record and reflect on various activities related to all aspects of personal wellness. This will help them make progress toward lifestye changes that will improve their overall wellness.

The study and practice of basic techniques in the game of badminton. This course includes topics such as ready position, grip, strokes, serve, rules of the game, and strategy. Opportunities are given to test skills against other class members through tournament play.

An introduction for the beginner to golf encompassing basic techniques of the stance, grip, swing, rules of the game and etiquette. This course is designed to offer opportunity to test and improve skills on a regulation eighteen-hole golf course. It is desired that this activity leads to the appreciation of golf and becomes a lifelong enjoyment for the Christian steward. Course fee applied.

Students will learn the basic skills of dribbling, passing, rebounding and shooting, along with various offensive concepts like screen and roll and give and go. Students will also learn defensive concepts such as help and recover, hedging on screens and defending the post. Various strategies of the game will be incorporated into the class.

An introduction for the beginner to racquetball encompassing rules, basic skills, terminology, strategy and safety. This course is designed to offer game play with class members and is desired that this activity leads to the appreciation of racquetball and becomes a lifelong enjoyment for the Christian steward.

This class will include basic steps of aerobic moves with intervals of muscular strength and endurance exercises to burn calories with cardio-training to strengthen the heart for overall well-being. It will also introduce the student to various techniques of stretch and relaxation. Music and movement will be a regular part of the course as the students take a holistic approach to their overall wellness.

Instruction in the basic skills and equipment needed for participation in outdoor activities. This course includes opportunity to develop skills and problem solving skills. Activities will be determined based on season and weather, but may include snowshoeing, map & compass, hiking, backpacking, adventure racing, and canoeing.

The study and practice of basic techniques in the game of Pickleball (the newest and fastest racquet sport). The course includes topics such as ready position, grip, strokes, serve, rules of game, and strategy. Opportunities are given to test skills against other class members through tournament play.

An introduction for the beginner dancer, including basic rhythm and terminology necessary for individual and partner dancing. Line, Ballroom, Swing, and other popular forms of dance will be explored throughout the course.

The study and practice of rules, basic fundamentals, strategy, team play, and game etiquette. Opportunities will be given to the student to test skills against other players through tournament play.

The study and practice of the basic techniques in the game of volleyball. The course includes topics such as ready position, serve, set, forearm pass, rules of the game, and strategy. Opportunities are given to test skills against other class members through tournament play.

To provide students with a thorough understanding of aerobic activity and its application to physical conditioning. The content of this course also includes general Biomechanics of jogging, flexibility, nutrition, a proper Christian viewpoint of jogging as a lifetime fitness activity.

This class will be and introduction of weight training and fitness opportunities for the college female. It will emphasize proper technique and safety precautions for weight lifting while promoting the importance of a healthy and personal physical fitness conditioning program. This course will also educate female students in the importance of the injury prevention through building muscle strength and teaching proper fitness components.

For the student who is unable to meet the core requirement of a traditional physical activity course due to physical limitations or disability, this course offers an individualized program of fitness activities set up by both the supervising professor and the student, in consultation with staff from Student Disability Services. Objectives and requirements are set forth in an initial meeting and must be completed by the end of the enrolled semester. The student must have applied for disability accommodations through the Accommodations Review Committee and been approved in order to register for this course.

An introduction for the beginner to basic techniques and instruction in weight training for both muscular strength and endurance. This course is designed for the development of a personalized weight training program and is desired that this activity leads to lifelong enjoyment for the Christian steward.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A maximum of two credits will be awarded for participation in two different varsity sports. Students must register for credit at the beginning of the semester their sport is in season. These credits will count as elective credit only, and do not apply toward core physical education requirements or the Physical Education major or minor.

A study of physical education, sport, and fitness in the context of their historical development and how they have been an integral part of culture pertaining to the psychological, sociological, and philosophical factors that have affected these topics. Vocational opportunities related to the field of Kinesiology will be explored as well as preparation for these vocations. This course includes learning techniques such as tests, informational interviews, readings and presentations.

This course examines the psychological theories and principles that influence human behavior in sport and exercise. Specifically, the interactions between physical activity, sport, exercise, behavior and physiological adaptation will be explored. This course provides a foundational exploration of psychosocial determinants and the effects of adopting and maintaining an exercise program. Topics discussed include, but are not limited to, theories of behavior change, exercise psychology interventions and the relationship between exercise and mental health.

This course introduces the profession of athletic training and the basic principles of preventative care commonly used in the profession. Topics will include athletic training facility organization and procedures, protective sports equipment, construction of protective devices and application of protective taping, braces, wrapping and protective pads. Areas to be studied include the role of the athletic trainer in sports medicine, mechanisms of athletic injuries, tissue response to injury, blood-borne pathogens, introductory techniques of assessment and evaluation of athletic injuries and emergency procedures. Each student who takes this course will have hands-on and practical exposure to what the field of athletic training encompasses so that the student is able to make an educated decision as to whether this career path will be a rewarding one for them to pursue. In this course, students are expected to apply what they learn in class by engaging with other students using a hands-on approach to learning. A biblical view of relationships will be presented as the model for client/trainer interaction.

The study of the nature and responsibilities of the profession of coaching. Topics include philosophy of coaching, the coach and his/her personality, the athlete and his/her personality, communication, team cohesion, motivation, discipline, teaching techniques, and scouting.

A study of childhood growth and development patterns as it relates to motor learning and motor skill acquisition. This course in designed to enhance the understanding of growth and motor behavior/development of children from conception through adulthood. Principles of motor development and learning are explored along with an opportunity to apply them in a lab setting.

This course is designed to allow students to receive credit for attending the Midwest regional American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conference. The ACSM serves to advance and integrate scientific research as well as provide educational and practical application of exercise science and sports medicine. Small group meetings, in depth discussion and short journals will be utilized to expose students to scientific research specific to careers within the field of exercise science.

This course is designed to allow students to receive credit for attending the Michigan local American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conference. The ACSM serves to advance and integrate scientific research as well as provide educational and practical application of exercise science and sports medicine. Small group meetings, in depth discussion and short journals will be utilized to expose students to scientific research specific to careers within the field of exercise science. Course fee applied of $200.

This course will discuss the scientific principles of strength and conditioning as defined by the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). The application of physiological principles to the development of specific conditioning and training methods will be analyzed. Topics to be discussed include, but are not limited to, anatomy and physiology, metabolic energy systems and specific physical adaptations to exercise. Students will be adequately prepared to sit for the NSCA Certified Strength and Condition Coach exam after completion of this course.

This course is designed as a functionally specific approach to the musculoskeletal system. Emphasis will be placed on the qualitative analysis and description of human movement. The course will also serve as an introduction to the biomechanical basis of human motion. Students will then learn how to apply the basic concepts of human motion to exercise and sport. Course fee applied.

A study of the physiological responses of the healthy human body to exercise. This course includes topics such as energy systems, nutrition, conditioning, exercise testing, and exercise prescriptions. Lecture and lab. Course fee applied.

A study of methods for evaluating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning in physical education. The course provides opportunity for practical experience in test construction and administration as well as evaluation of the results. Topics such as statistics, fitness testing, grading procedures, and affective checklists will be covered.

This course will explore theory and practices related to exercise testing and prescription. It will include practical experience in body composition techniques, electrocardiography, muscle strength and endurance testing, flexibility testing and cardiovascular endurance testing. The results of the testing will be used to form appropriate exercise prescriptions according to the American College of Sports Medicine guideline. Course fee applied.

Anatomy and physiology of the heart will be reviewed, including the conduction system and circulatory system, as well as layout of the ECG, essentials of the 12-lead ECG, and lead placement and interpretation. Discussion on how the pathophysiology of the acute MI process affects the normal 12-lead ECGs and the average times in which such effects are evidenced. Students will learn to identify normal 12-lead ECG's ST segments, isoelectric lines, J points, and R-Wave progression.

Basic principles of injury prevention and care, first aid principles of prevention, injury evaluation and current rehabilitation methods are taught. The student will have active participation in caring for various injuries. The student will receive American Red Cross certifications in First Aid, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated Defibrillation as well as Blood Borne Pathogen Training and Concussion Training. Course fee applied.

Health risk factors associated with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases will be identified and studied. Management and risk to morbidity and mortality will be emphasized. Course fee applied.

An opportunity to gain practical experience in settings appropriate for exercise science and coaching.

An opportunity to gain practical experience in a clinical cardiac rehabilitation setting appropriate for exercise science majors in preparation for the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Certified Exercise Physiology certification. Cardiac Rehab majors must take 12 credits of internship for a total experience of no less than 480 hours.

The first course in a two-course seminar experience will examine a Christian worldview and the ethical and professional issues associated with the major. The seminar will devote time to Christian worldview reflection in regard to a senior's prior academic preparation and future vocational opportunities. Students will also develop a working hypothesis for a novel research question in the field of exercise science, complete a literature review on the topic and formulate a research proposal for the Institutional Review Board. Course fee applied.

The second course in a two-course seminar experience will continue to examine a Christian worldview and the ethical and professional issues associated with the major. The seminar will include a final portfolio and completion of the senior research project for kinesiology. Students will collect, process, interpret and present data from their novel research investigation. Course fee applied.

This course is designed to focus on integrative physiological mechanisms and responses to exercise. The course will use novel research findings to enhance student understanding of human physiology during rest and exercise. Students will be provided with the necessary tools to assess the integrative nature of human physiology during rest and exercise. Such asssessment will be important for understanding how all of the pieces of the human body work together as one, flawlessly in God's image. Course fee applied.

With faculty supervision, the student will research and write on a specific topic or area. Outside involvement in topic is normally required.

An individualized review of applied arithmetic and pre-algebra. Patterns leading to operations with fractions, decimals, percents and proportions. Review of multiplication facts 0-15. This course does not count toward a major or a minor in mathematics. This course does not fulfill the core mathematics requirement. This course has a no-calculator policy.

This class examines the structure of mathematical expressions, equations and functions, along with their connection to practical applications. Topics include the evaluation and manipulation of expressions, equations and functions, as well as the structure and applications of linear, quadratic, rational and exponential functions.

This course is intended for teacher candidates. Its purpose is to give candidates broad exposure to a variety of applications of mathematics in the real world as well as enhance their basic math skills to help prepare them for teaching math in the classroom. Topics include problem solving, fraction/decimals/percents, numeration systems, equations, geometry, functions, finance, probability, and statistics. This course satisfies the core requirement in Mathematics for elementary students.

College Mathematics is intended for students majoring in liberal arts or other fields that do not have a specific mathematics requirement. Its purpose is to give students a broad exposure to a variety of applications of mathematics in the real world and to understand related spiritual foundations. Topics include reasoning, voting methods, apportionment, mathematics of finance, logic, shapes and patterns in geometry, networks and directed graphs, probability and statistics. Computational skill, spatial reasoning, calculator usage, and logical analysis abilities are developed. This course satisfies the core requirement in mathematics. Prerequisite: Qualifying score on SAT or CU Math Placement Exam or MAT-107 or MAT-096, C or higher. *Warning: Math, Science, Engineering & Exercise Science Majors check with your advisor for the correct math course.

An introductory math course designed to develop skills that have practical usage in a business setting and daily life experience. The course reviews basic mathematical concepts, develops skills with algebraic expressions, and expands to topical applications including number properties, equations and inequalities, percentages, finance, interest, geometric figures, probability, graphs, and statistics.

College Algebra introduces the study of polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions, in addition to the quadratic formula, geometric series, binomial series, systems of equations and probability. A graphing calculator is required (TI-83/84 recommended). This course satisfies the core requirement in mathematics.

This course serves as a collection of topics relevant to calculus based courses. Focus will be given on exponential and logarithmic functions in addition to properties, graphs and applications of the sine, cosine and tangent functions, along with their reciprocals and inverse functions. Connections are made with right and oblique triangles, polar coordinates and equations concerning polar coordinates and conic sections. This course satisfies the core requirement in mathematics.

The study of rates of change for polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions, tangent lines, graphs, maximum values, and areas. Applications of calculus will be modeled with graphing calculators. Computer software and/or graphing calculator (TI-84 recommended) is a required tool for this course. This course satisfies the core requirement in mathematics.

Applications of differentiation and integration will include techniques of integration, transcendental functions, infinite series and sequences, parametric equations, polar forms and vectors. Graphing calculator (TI-84 recommended) required. This course satisfies the core requirement in Mathematics.

Descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency and standard deviation, statistical inference with emphasis upon testing of hypotheses and measures of association, and application of these techniques to decision-making and planning. Computer software and/or graphing calculator is required (TI-83/84 preferred).

This course is designed to merge mathematical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge to design mathematical pedagogical knowledge that focuses on the whole learner with specific attention to PK-3 students' needs (cognitive, physical, behavioral, social, and emotional). Teacher candidates will be introduced to reflective thinking to understand how their own biases, content knowledge, and past experiences will impact their instruction. Topics include counting and cardinality; operations (addition, subtraction, and foundational ideas for multiplication); initial place value and regrouping concepts; measurement and data (time, money, relative positions, lengths in metric and standard); and geometry (naming shapes, shape composition, shapes in the real world, composition/decompositions of shapes, 2D and 3D shapes). This course will expose teacher candidates to various curricular resources, assessment tools, and instructional technology to promote active engagement and give direction to instruction. Clinical experience in an appropriate early education setting provides teacher candidates an opportunity to apply their developing mathematical instructional knowledge and skills.

The study of equations involving derivatives by methods of analytic algebra or numeric solutions. Priority is given to first-order differential equations and their applications as well as linear higher-order equations and Laplace transformations. Maple software required.

This course explores differentiation and integration of functions of several variables, limits, differentials, optimization, volumes and surface area. Students will also study change of variables and methods of multivariate integration. Maple software required.

Introduction to the theory of first and higher order differential equations by analytical and numerical methods as well as computer-based approaches. This course also introduces concepts in linear algebra such as systems of equations, determinants, vector spaces and eigenvectors. Maple software required.

The algebra of matrices, determinants, vectors, inverting matrices, diagonalizing matrices, eigenvalues and their applications. Maple software and graphing calculator (TI-89/92/200) required for calculations and applications to dynamic systems.

A basic study of fundamental principles of discrete mathematics. Topics include sets, relations, functions, graph theory, combinatorics, probability and computability.

Students in this course will be introduced to the typesetting language of LATeX, solving mathematical problems with Maple, understanding mathematical articles, locating and researching mathematical topics, and preparing mathematical presentations. Maple software required.

A course in reading and constructing mathematical proofs. How to start proofs (direct proofs, proofs by cases, proofs by contrapositive, proofs by contradiction); proofs about sets, functions, numbers, inequalities, and equivalence relations; proofs by mathematical induction; understanding the theorems of calculus and linear algebra; and preparing to do proofs in Modern Algebra and Real Analysis.

This is a Calculus-based course in probability and statistics which includes discrete and continuous random variable probability models. Topics include the central limit theorem, sampling distributions, estimation, confidence intervals, hypotheses testing, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. Emphasis will be placed on statistical software to create probability models and run statistical procedures, specific to applications in economics and science.

This course is designed to merge mathematical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge to design mathematical pedagogical knowledge that focuses on the whole learner with specific attention to the 3rd through 6th grade students' needs (cognitive, physical, behavioral, social, and emotional). Teacher candidates will be introduced to reflective thinking to understand how their own biases, content knowledge, and past experiences will impact their instruction. Topics include place value (multi-digit operations, base 10, and other bases); multiplication and division (factors, multiples, area model, distributive property, commutative property, order of operations, and inverse operations); fractions (unit fractions, equivalent fractions, relationship to perimeter, volume, angle measure, shapes, and attributes); and arithmetic patterns (setting up for algebraic thinking). This course will also expose students to various curricular resources, assessment tools, and instructional technology to promote age-appropriate active engagement and give direction to instruction. Clinical experience in an appropriate upper elementary setting provides teacher candidates an opportunity to apply their developing mathematical instructional knowledge and skills. Prerequisite: Professional Status and MAT 209

This course is designed to merge mathematical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge to design mathematical pedagogical knowledge that focuses on the whole learner with specific attention to the 3rd through 6th grade students' needs (cognitive, physical, behavioral, social, and emotional). Teacher candidates will be introduced to reflective thinking to understand how their own biases, content knowledge, and past experiences will impact their instruction. Topics include place value (multi-digit operations, base 10, and other bases); multiplication and division (factors, multiples, area model, distributive property, commutative property, order of operations, and inverse operations); fractions (unit fractions, equivalent fractions, relationship to perimeter, volume, angle measure, shapes, and attributes); and arithmetic patterns (setting up for algebraic thinking). This course will also expose students to various curricular resources, assessment tools, and instructional technology to promote age-appropriate active engagement and give direction to instruction. Clinical experience in an appropriate upper elementary setting provides teacher candidates an opportunity to apply their developing mathematical instructional knowledge and skills.

A first course in the theory of the calculus of a single real variable. Students will study the real number system as a complete ordered field, convergence of sequences and series, continuity and differentiability of functions of a real variable, theory of the Riemann integral and integrable functions.

A first course in group theory with a focus on binary operations, isomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutations, abelian groups, orbits of equivalence relations, cosets, normal subgroups, homomorphisms and related theorems, factor groups, group actions and Sylow's Theorems.

An individualized assignment arranged with an agency, business or other organization to provide guided practical experience in a mathematical sciences related career/ministry activity.

For Math Education majors, this course studies the history of mathematical ideas, notation and processes from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia through the modern era. Students will study individual mathematicians as well as cultural and abstract ideas. Attention will be given to geometrical concepts, including constructions and geometrical proofs.

Students will research and present an important topic in mathematics using both library research and personal preparation.

Exploration of selected advanced topics in mathematical modeling, set theory, number theory; topology, complex variables; differential geometry, set theory, number theory; topology, complex variables; differential geometry, modern geometries; abstract linear algebra, advanced matrix algebra, vector analysis, numerical analysis, graph theory, combinatorics, computer programming, applied statistics, regression, multivariate data analysis. Advanced project topics in physics may be selected from Fourier series, transform calculus, partial differential equations, boundary value problems, complex variables, and vector calculus. Designed for mathematical sciences majors' current needs and for students planning graduate study in the physical sciences or applied mathematics.

Exploration of selected advanced topics in mathematical modeling, set theory, number theory; topology, complex variables; differential geometry, set theory, number theory; topology, complex variables; differential geometry, modern geometries; abstract linear algebra, advanced matrix algebra, vector analysis, numerical analysis, graph theory, combinatorics, computer programming, applied statistics, regression, multivariate data analysis. Advanced project topics in physics may be selected from Fourier series, transform calculus, partial differential equations, boundary value problems, complex variables, and vector calculus. Designed for mathematical sciences majors' current needs and for students planning graduate study in the physical sciences or applied mathematics.

Readings in specific mathematical sciences or mathematics education topics in areas of student need and interest. Required periodic reports with related discussions, labs, or creative/classroom activities. May be repeated.

Prospective teachers implement a secondary mathematics curriculum that models NCTM and State of Michigan standards. They will examine educational philosophy and history, learning theory and curriculum development. They will also plan, implement and evaluate unit and lesson plans in developmental math, algebra, geometry, probability and statistics and pre-calculus. Exploration with use manipulatives, computers, multimedia technologies, activity projects and construction tools. Computer and TI-84 graphing calculator required.

Selected topics in mathematical modeling, set theory, number theory; topology, complex variables; differential geometry, set theory, number theory; topology, complex variables; differential geometry, modern geometries; abstract linear algebra, advanced matrix algebra, vector analysis, numerical analysis, graph theory, combinatorics, computer programming. Advanced project topics in physics may be selected from Fourier series, transform calculus, partial differential equations, boundary value problems, complex variables, and vector calculus. Designed for mathematical sciences majors' current needs and for students planning graduate study in the physical sciences or applied mathematics. May be repeated. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

An opportunity to perform independent study/research/creative activity in the various branches of mathematical sciences and allied fields of application. Submission and approval of a research proposal must precede registration. May be repeated.

This didactic course will introduce students to the vocational and professional aspects of nursing care and provide a basis of understanding of topics including professional writing, dosage calculation, medical terminology and nursing study and testing strategies.

This lab course focuses on health assessment skills that include obtaining a history, vital signs, documentation, and a head to toe assessment. Must be in the BSN program.

This didactic course relates disease manifestation and risk factors regarding the underlying illness or injury as it relates to nursing interventions. Must be in the BSN program.

This didactic course emphasizes holistic care, which is respectful, compassionate, and coordinated. Topics include recognizing differences, preferences, values, needs and resources of the person or designee as the source of control and full partner in healthcare. Person-centered care is informed by evidence and supports the achievement of positive health outcomes within the community context. Must be in the BSN program.

This clinical course focuses on the application of concepts from lecture and lab. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have hands on application experience in simulation and the community. Must be in the BSN program. Pass/Fail

This lab course focuses on establishing emerging principles of safety and quality in nursing and health care as an essential component of skill obtainment and practice.

This didactic course engages students in health care partnerships to learn how to support and improve equitable, population health outcomes.

This clinical course focuses on the application of concepts from Fundamentals of Nursing and Skills lab. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have hands-on experiences in simulation and long-term care environments. Pass/Fail

This didactic course explores evidence-based practice and historically relevant mental health concepts. Students have the opportunity to explore therapeutic communication and interviewing strategies.

This clinical course focuses on the application of concepts from lecture. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have application experience in simulation and mental healthcare settings. Pass/Fail

This didactic course discusses teamwork across professions and with care team members, patients, families, and communities to optimize care, enhance the experience, improve outcomes, and reduce costs.

This clinical course focuses on the application of concepts from lecture and lab. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have hands on application experiences in simulation and in adult healthcare environments. Pass/Fail

This didactic course focuses on the basic drug classification, concepts and principles of pharmacology with special consideration for the nurse's role.

This didactic course focuses on the basic drug classification, concepts and principles of pharmacology with special consideration for the nurse's role.

This didactic course expands the response to adult health needs and concepts of leading within complex systems of health care.

This clinical focuses on the application of advanced concepts from lecture and lab. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have hands on application experiences in simulation and in adult healthcare environments by working up the ability to care for half a typical patient assignment. Pass/Fail

This didactic course allows formation and cultivation of a sustainable professional nursing identity, accountability, perspective, collaborative disposition and comportment that reflects nursing's characteristics, norms and values.

This course provides an opportunity to work in a supervised biological setting (e.g., DNR, nature center, public health agency). The experience must include opportunities to apply the theories and concepts learned in the discipline or to enhance biological science research skills.

The didactic course covers topics such as generation, synthesis, translation, application, and dissemination of knowledge to improve health and transform health care.

This didactic course focuses on the role of the nurse in relation to the needs of aging patients in an adapting healthcare delivery system. Topics include providing holistic nursing care for the aging population addressed through discussions of social and cultural considerations, wellness, management of chronic disease, and navigation of end-of-life care.

This didactic course focuses on the health care needs of the prenatal, delivery, and postpartum population and the pediatric population.

This clinical course focuses on the application of concepts from lecture and lab. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have hands on experiences in simulation within pediatric and maternal healthcare environments. Pass/Fail

This didactic course offers participation in activities and self-reflection that foster personal health, resilience, and wellbeing, lifelong learning, and support the acquisition of nursing expertise and assertion of leadership.

This clinical course focuses on the application of concepts from lecture and lab. Under the guidance of a registered nurse, students will have hands on application experiences in simulation and in healthcare environments to pull together all the clinical skills and care for a full patient assignment.

An introductory survey of the basic concepts of mechanics, heat, sound, and wave motion. Appropriate for students in life sciences.

Laboratory application of the basic concepts of mechanics, heat, sound and wave motion. Course fee applied.

An introductory survey of the basic concepts of electricity, magnetism, light and modern physics. Appropriate for students in life sciences.

Laboratory application of the basic concepts of electricity, magnetism, light and modern physics. Course fee applied.

An introductory survey of the basic concepts of mechanics, heat, sound and wave motion. Appropriate for students in the mathematical sciences and engineering.

Laboratory application using advanced mathematics to investigate the basic concepts of mechanics, heat, sound and wave motion. Course fee applied.

An introductory survey of the electricity, magnetism, light and modern physics. Appropriate for students in the mathematical sciences and engineering.

Laboratory application using advanced mathematics to investigate the basic concepts of electricity, magnetism, light and modern physics. Course fee applied.

An exploration of current issues in physics, science, biology, health and medicine. The course provides an understanding of the scientific method and how to critically evaluate current issues from a scientific perspective.

A college-level study and application of science concepts contained in the Michigan Grade Level Content Expectations for pre-service elementary teachers. Focus of the course will be on Science Process Skills, Physical Science, Life Science and Earth/Space Science, centering on the integration of these disciplines using inquiry-based learning, labs and field trips. Course fee applied.

Teacher candidates will investigate and apply the principles of 3-dimensional science pedagogy to a select subset of science principles focused on PK-3. Using the Michigan Science Standards/NGSS as a foundation for developing skills in science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas and crosscutting concepts, students will engage these ideas to figure out how phenomena in the real world integrate in culturally-relevant ways to enable students to build their understanding of how science works and applies to their cultural context. Pedagogical methods will focus on the use of play, observation, and a subset of science and engineering practices to engage students in phenomenological inquiry.

Building on the principles of Foundations of Integrated Science (PK-3) teaching candidates will investigate and apply the principles of 3-dimensional science pedagogy using the Michigan Science Standards/NGSS as a foundation for developing skills in science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas and crosscutting concepts. Students will engage these ideas to figure out how phenomena in the real world integrate in culturally-relevant ways to enable students to build their understanding of how science works and applies to their cultural context. Pedagogical methods will focus on the use of inquiry-based instruction to engage students in phenomenological inquiry.

This course equips members of the health care professions with a working knowledge of medical vocabulary. Emphasis is placed on definitions, spelling, and pronunciation as it relates to the body. The course is designed for students desiring to pursue health-related careers.

This course cultivates scientific literacy within a distinctly Christian worldview. Students investigate the nature of science; practice sound logic and argument evaluation; and develop core skills for reading, visualizing, interpreting, and communicating quantitative data. Through case studies in health, environment, and technology, students assess claims, distinguish correlation from causation, and argue from evidence clearly and ethically. Throughout, we frame scientific inquiry as part of faithful discipleship: creation declares God's glory, human inquiry is real yet fallible, and wisdom requires humility, stewardship, and love of neighbor. (Prereq: PHI-211)

A study of the distinctive qualities of the planets, their moons, the stars, and galaxies.

Laboratory focused on the observations and calculations of planet, moon, star and galaxy movements and qualities. Course fee applied.

A study of the materials and processes of the earth, leading to a responsible Christian appreciation for it and its use. Explores basic principles through a survey of the history of the ideas about the earth. Applies basic insights of chemistry, biology, physics, and mathematics to the solution of problems such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, marine erosion, the nature and distribution of fossil fuels, metals, ground water, other mineral resources, and the atmosphere and weather. Studies man-imposed and natural boundaries to characterize geographic regions.

Laboratory exercises in the earth sciences focusing on geology, land change and formation, resource use and the implications of atmosphere and weather on the Earth. Course fee applied

This course is a rigorous examination (based on a Christian philosophical worldview) of the nature of science and some of the major scientific ideas and issues affecting our culture.

This course explores the complex determinants of health and is designed to help students use their understanding of these determinants to develop strategies to improve the health of communities and populations. The course introduces students to the history, philosophy and ethics of epidemiology, and emphasizes the application of epidemiology (description, association and causality) to community health policy and practice. The student will analyze how policies and programs impact health outcomes within the current urban and global health care settings.

This course is designed to teach the student principles of pharmacology, including mathematics and calculations, rules and regulations governing medications, medication administration and safety issues. Medications specific to various diseases and disorders will be studied, emphasizing desired effects, side effects, and contraindications.

A scientific investigation of the feasibility of various origin theories with special emphasis on the creation vs. evolution debate. Explores the difference between origins science and operation science and analyzes the conflict in the Christian scientific community as well as the population at large.

This course provides an opportunity to work in a supervised biological setting (e.g., DNR, nature center, public health agency). The experience must include opportunities to apply the theories and concepts learned in the discipline or to enhance biological science research skills.

This course is aimed at practical work experience in a business setting. Students will have opportunities to apply classroom knowledge to business world situations. Students will acquire and document professional field experience and will receive 1 credit for every 40 hours of verified work.

This course is designed to serve as the culminating course of science content for the integrated science major and minor, just prior to the directed teaching semester. Using the major themes motif, each subject will be explored for the common and varied approaches to understanding its physical, biological and earth/space science content and interconnections. Philosophical underpinnings and ethical considerations will be stressed for each theme along with its outworking. Students will be responsible for developing their own set of alternative solutions for each problem encountered, discovering strategies for communicating integrated content in their classroom and devising techniques to stimulate their students to join the quest.

A special topics course which introduces workings of the brain and aspects of personality dealing with these at the level of the nerve cells and brain structures. Learned topics include: Perception, cognition, intelligence, the basis of emotional states, personality disorders and questions of guilt; progressive and degenerate diseases of the mind; nerve impulses and the synapses to understanding drug abuse and addictions; neural pathologies like speech disorders, attention deficit hyperactive disorder and the epilepsies; sensations, reflexes and movement control; brain waves, sleeping and arousal, awareness, consciousness and the soul, along with investigating the neural brain of gender differences.

This course focuses on specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are demonstrated by effective science teachers in secondary schools. Students will learn to design, organize, present, and evaluate the learning of science subject matter utilizing various instructional models and methods of teaching science.

The senior research project is independently conducted research under the guidance of a science faculty mentor and can be taken as a summer semester credit before taking the senior research capstone (SCI-496) or in the fall concurrently with the senior research capstone (SCI-496). Fee applied.

The senior research capstone is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to apply their major coursework to a research question focusing on literature review, scientific writing, use of statistics in writing, creating tables and figures, review-editing of manuscripts and posters and presentations. Attention is also given to key issues related to the transition from university to employment or graduate education in the sciences. Students engage in the process of vocational self-evaluation reflecting the knowledge, values and skills developed through their coursework. Second semester Junior or Senior status required. Course fee applied.

The second semester of research is a continuation of independently conducted research under the guidance of a science faculty mentor and is taken as a spring semester credit or in the fall concurrently with the senior research capstone (SCI-496). Fee applied.